LOGO 1200 X 300

Buttweld Fittings

Alloy Steel WP9 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturer

Sachiya Steel International is a Leading Manufacturer And Exporter of Alloy Steel WP9 Buttweld Fittings, which should be used in nitric acid only in solutions of up to 0.5 % concentration at room temperature. The rate of these Alloy Steel WP9 Elbow Butt Weld Pipe Fittings increases with increases in the Sulphur dioxide content of the atmosphere (such as might occur in industrial areas). In pure un – aerated acid, corrosion rates of Alloy Steel WP9 Equal Tee are low for all concentrations at atmospheric temperatures. In hot or concentrated solutions, rates of these Alloy Steel WP9 Cross Butt Weld Pipe Fittings are usually too high for reasonable service life.

The salts in Alloy Steel WP9 Reducer may develop when hydrochloric acid comes in contact with iron and copper. This is due to the reduced tendency to precipitate deleterious intermetallic phases in these Alloy Steel WP9 Stub End, thereby, affording it greater ductility than other alloys during and following various thermal cycling conditions.

Alloy Steel WP9 End Cap Butt Weld Pipe Fittings can be welded by all common welding techniques, although oxyacetylene and submerged arc welding processes are not recommended when the fabricated item is to be used in corrosive service. Special precautions for these Alloy Steel WP9 Dish Cap Butt Weld Pipe Fittings should be taken to avoid excessive heat input.

Alloy Steel WP9 Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM A234 / ASME SA234
Size : 1/8” NB TO 48” NB. (Seamless & 100% X-Ray Welded, Fabricated)
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : Sch 5s, Sch 10s, Sch 40s, Sch 80s, Sch 160s, Sch XXS
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Alloy Steel WP9 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si S P Cr Mo
A234 WP9
 ≤0.15 ≤0.6 1.00 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 8-10 0.99-1.10

Alloy Steel WP9 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Grade Tensile Strength (Mpa) Yield Strength (Mpa) Elongation %
A234 WP9
 380 min 585 min ≥30

Alloy Steel WP9 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Alloy Steel WP9 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2023-12-01T15:46:18+05:30August 7th, 2021|

Alloy Steel WP5 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturer

Sachiya Steel International is a Leading Manufacturer and exporter of Alloy Steel WP5 Buttweld Fittings, which has good and excellent resistance to oxidation. These Alloy Steel WP5 Elbow Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is approved for service up to 600 Degree F, where its Melting point is 2615 Degree F -2635 Degree F. Our Alloy Steel WP5 Tee Butt Weld Pipe Fittings may perhaps be used in continuous service up to 1140 Degree C provided reducing Sulphur gases are not present. These Alloy Steel WP5 Cross Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is used for a variety of processing equipment, particularly to maintain product purity in handling foods, synthetic fibers and alkalis.

By means of its high chromium content, our Alloy Steel WP5 Reducer offers good corrosion resistance to increase high temperature properties. During outdoors, the rate of attack in these Alloy Steel WP5 Stub Endis slow because of the formation of a thin protective film, usually a sulphide. Our Alloy Steel WP5 End Cap Butt Weld Pipe Fittings normally remains bright in indoor atmospheres, where corrosion rates in both marine and rural atmospheres are very low.

These Alloy Steel WP5 Seamless Pipe Fittings was a modification of 200 to control carbon which keeps it from being embrittled by inter – granular precipitates at temperatures of 600 Degree F to 1400 Degree F in many processes.

Alloy Steel WP5 Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM A234 / ASME SA234
Size : 1/8” NB TO 48” NB. (Seamless & 100% X-Ray Welded, Fabricated)
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : Sch 5s, Sch 10s, Sch 40s, Sch 80s, Sch 160s, Sch XXS
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Alloy Steel WP5 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si S P Cr Mo
A234 WP5 ≤0.15 ≤0.6 ≤0.5 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 4-6 0.44-0.65

Alloy Steel WP5 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Grade Tensile Strength (Mpa) Yield Strength (Mpa) Elongation %
A234 WP5 415 – 585 ≥205 ≥20

Alloy Steel WP5 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Alloy Steel WP5 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2023-12-01T15:41:55+05:30August 7th, 2021|

Alloy Steel WP1 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturer

Sachiya Steel International is a Leading Manufacturer And Exporter of Alloy Steel WP1 Buttweld Fittings, which appears to fall between both the stainless and nickel categories as it contains characteristics of both. An advantage of Alloy Steel WP1 Pipe Elbow is that it can be precipitation hardened and strengthened by heat treatments. Alloy Steel WP1 Tee Butt Weld Pipe Fittings has bright annealed or bright annealed and cold rolled grease, where ultra – bright finishes is used for decorative applications. Applications of Alloy Steel WP1 Reducer are limited to a maximum temperature of 1000 Degree F per ASME.

The high – temperature strength of Alloy Steel WP1 Cross Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is basically the same in the range of 950 Degree C to 1150 Degree C. There is no risk of inter – crystalline corrosion on cooling or welding in Alloy Steel WP1 Stub End due to the low carbon content. The maximum service temperature of Alloy Steel WP1 End Cap Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is at 450 Degree C.

Hot working temperatures in Alloy Steel WP1 Dish Cap Butt Weld Pipe Fittings should be between 1200 Degree F and 2250 Degree F with heavy forming to be performed at temperatures above 1600 Degree F. Alloy Steel WP1 Bend Pipe Fittings is often used in chemical processing, vacuum furnaces, and mechanical components.

Alloy Steel WP1 Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM A234 / ASME SA234
Size : 1/8” NB TO 48” NB. (Seamless & 100% X-Ray Welded, Fabricated)
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : Sch 5s, Sch 10s, Sch 40s, Sch 80s, Sch 160s, Sch XXS
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Alloy Steel WP1 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

C, % Mn, % P, % S, % Si, % Mo, %
0.28 max 0.30- 0.90 0.045 max 0.045 max> 0.10- 0.50 0.044-0.65 max

Alloy Steel WP1 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Tensile Strength , MPa Yield Strength, MPa Elongation, % Hardness, HB
220 min 415 min 20 min 121-174

Alloy Steel WP1 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Alloy Steel WP1 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2023-11-30T17:35:41+05:30August 6th, 2021|

Incoloy 330 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Incoloy 330 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Sachiya Steel International is a leading manufacturer and exporter of Incoloy 330 Buttweld Fittings to the clients, which is highly resistant to corrosion and is made by using quality material. Our Inconel 330 Pipe Fittings (UNS N08330) has good strength at high temperatures and excellent resistance to carburizing and oxidizing atmospheres. These SS 330 Elbow Pipe Fittings has a solid solution composition and is not harden able by heat treatment. The high nickel and chromium of Ra 330 Tee Pipe Fittings provide good resistance to oxidation and carburization.

These Inconel 330 Reducer Pipe Fittings combines excellent resistance to carburization and oxidation at temperatures up to 2200 Degree F (1200 Degree C) with high strength. Meanwhile, SS 330 Bend Pipe Fittings are also being offered in different sizes and shapes to our customers. These Ra 330 Stub End may be forged between 2100 Degree F / 1750 Degree F (1150 Degree C / 950 Degree C), which further come in various thickness and dimension to suit the requirement of our clients.

Incoloy 330 Buttweld Fittings

The strength and oxidation resistance of Incoloy 330 End Pipe Cap> at elevated temperatures make it a useful material for industrial heating furnaces; for conveyor systems, muffles, retorts, baskets, boxes, and various fixtures. These SS 330 Dish Cap Pipe Fittings is often used in Chemical process, Food processing, Petrochemical, etc.

Incoloy 330 Buttweld Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASME SB366
Size : Seamless Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 10″, Welded Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 48″
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : 5s, 10s, 40s, 80s, 10, 20, 40, STD, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Incoloy 330/ SS 330/ Ra 330 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si P S Cr Cu N
330 min. – – 0.75 – – 17.0 – 34.0
max. 0.08 2.0 1.50 0.030 – 20.0 – 37.0

Incoloy 330/ SS 330/ Ra 330 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Grade Tensile Strength (MPa) min Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min Elongation (% in 50mm) min Hardness
Rockwell B (HR B) max Brinell (HB) max
330 – – – – –

Equivalent Grades for Incoloy 330/ SS 330/ Ra 330 Pipe Fitting

Grade UNS No Old British Euronorm GOST Japanese JIS
BS En No AFNOR
Incoloy 330 N08330 – – 1.4886 – – –

Incoloy Alloy 330 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Incoloy 330 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2024-05-11T12:56:33+05:30August 6th, 2021|

Incoloy 925 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Incoloy 925 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Sachiya Steel International is one of the leading manufacturer and exporter of Incoloy 925 Buttweld Fittings, which are made under the team of skilled professionals. Composition of Incoloy 925 Elbow Pipe Fittings (UNS N09925) offers a high level of strength and corrosion resistance. Incoloy 925 Long Radius Elbow Pipe Fittings combines the high strength of a precipitation – harden able alloy with the excellent corrosion resistance of alloy 825. These Incoloy 925 Concentric Reducer has outstanding resistance to general corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress – corrosion cracking in many aqueous environments including those containing sulfides and chlorides.

Machinable and weldable, Incoloy 925 Equal Tee can be hot and cold worked. On the other hand, copper and molybdenum in Incoloy 925 Cross Pipe Fittings are added to increase its resistance to corrosive media. Meanwhile, these Incoloy 925 Bends Pipe Fittings are also being offered in different sizes and shapes to our customers. With the additions of molybdenum, copper, titanium and aluminum, Incoloy 925 Short Stub Bend Pipe Fittings is an age harden able nickel – iron – chromium alloy, providing a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance.

Incoloy 925 Buttweld Fittings

During heat treatment in Incoloy 925 End Pipe Cap, a strengthening reaction is caused by the addition of titanium and aluminum. These Incoloy 925 Short Radius Elbow Fittings has excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, which can be age – hardened by adding aluminum and titanium.

Incoloy 925 Buttweld Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASME SB366
Size : Seamless Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 10″, Welded Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 48″
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : 5s, 10s, 40s, 80s, 10, 20, 40, STD, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Incoloy 925 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si S Cu Fe Ni Cr Al Ti
925 0.03 max 1.00 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 1.50 – 3.00 22.00 min 42.00 – 46.00 19.55 – 22.50 0.01-0.05 max –

Incoloy 925 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Element Density Melting Point Tensile Strength Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Elongation
825 8.14 g/cm3 1400 °C (2550 °F) Psi – 80,000 , MPa – 550 Psi – 32,000 , MPa – 220 30 %

Equivalent Grades for 925 Incoloy Pipe Fitting

STANDARD WERKSTOFF NR. UNS JIS
Incoloy 925 – N09925 NCF 925

Incoloy Alloy 925 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Incoloy 925 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2024-05-09T13:20:30+05:30August 5th, 2021|

Incoloy 825 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Incoloy 825 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Sachiya Steel International is one of the leading manufacturer and exporter of Incoloy 825 Buttweld Fittings, which is highly demanded for its durability and sturdiness. Incoloy 825 Elbow Pipe Fittings (UNS N08825) has good resistance in neutral chloride media, stress – corrosion cracking and satisfactory resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Incoloy 825 Long Radius Elbow Pipe Fittings does work-harden during machining and has higher strength and “gumminess” not typical of steels.

Incoloy 825 Short Radius Elbow Pipe Fittings has good mechanical properties from moderately to high temperatures. Incoloy 825 Concentric Reducer Pipe Fittings has high nickel content, sufficient to resist chloride ion stress corrosion cracking, and a very stable austenite structure. Meanwhile, these Incoloy 825 Eccentric Reducer are also being offered in different sizes and shapes to our customers. Incoloy 825 Equal Tee Pipe Fittings, in conjunction with the molybdenum and copper, gives superb resistance to reducing environments such as those containing sulfuric and phosphoric acids.

Incoloy 825 Buttweld Fittings

Typical applications of Incoloy 825 Unequal Tee Pipe Fittings are: phosphoric acid evaporators; pickling – tank heater, pickling equipment and hooks; etc. Incoloy 825 Lateral Tee Pipe Fittings is also used for chemical processing, pollution – control equipment, nuclear fuel reprocessing, oil and gas well piping, acid production, and more. Incoloy 825 Short Stub Bend Pipe Fittings exhibits outstanding performance in both acids and alkalis in oxidizing as well as reducing environments. We also offer these Incoloy 825 Long Stub Bend in best possible rates.

Incoloy 825 Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASME SB366
Size : Seamless Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 10″, Welded Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 48″
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : 5s, 10s, 40s, 80s, 10, 20, 40, STD, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Incoloy 825 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si S Cu Fe Ni Cr Al Ti
825 0.05 max 1.00 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 1.50 – 3.00 22.00 min 38.00 – 46.00 19.50 – 23.50 0.02 max 0.06 – 1.20

Incoloy 825 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Element Density Melting Point Tensile Strength Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Elongation
825 8.14 g/cm3 1400 °C (2550 °F) Psi – 80,000 , MPa – 550 Psi – 32,000 , MPa – 220 30 %

Equivalent Grades for 825 Incoloy Pipe Fitting

STANDARD WERKSTOFF NR. UNS JIS BS GOST AFNOR EN OR
Incoloy 825 2.4858 N08825 NCF 825 NA 16 ЭП703 NFE30C20DUM NiCr21Mo XH38BT

Incoloy Alloy 825 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Incoloy 825 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2024-05-10T12:22:02+05:30August 5th, 2021|

Inconel 718 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Sachiya Steel International is one of the leading manufacturer and exporter of Inconel 718 Buttweld Fittings to the clients. Inconel 718 Pipe Fittings (UNS N07718) is a Nickel – Chromium alloy being precipitation harden able and having high creep – rupture strength at high temperatures to about 700 Degree C (1290 Degree F). Inconel 718 Cross Pipe Fittings is a nickel – based super alloy that is well suited for applications requiring high strength in temperature ranges from cryogenic up to 1400 Degree F. Inconel 718 Elbow Pipe Fittings has excellent weldability when compared to the nickel-base super – alloys hardened by aluminum and titanium.

Inconel 718 Tee Pipe Fittings combines corrosion resistance and high strength with outstanding weldability, including resistance to post – weld cracking. Meanwhile, these Inconel 718 Reducer Pipe Fittings are also being offered in different sizes and shapes to our customers. Inconel 718 Stub End Pipe Fittings can be readily worked and age hardened, where further improvements are coming with the rising interest of aerospace industry towards additive layer manufacturing (ALM) of ever more critical components.

Inconel 718 Buttweld Fittings

Inconel 718 Bends Pipe Fittings has excellent weldability when compared to the nickel – base super – alloys hardened by aluminum and titanium. The age – harden able Inconel 718 End Pipe Cap can be readily fabricated, even into complex parts. When you call, you’ll talk to experienced people in making Inconel 718 Dish Cap Pipe Fittings who know their business, and yours.

Inconel 718 Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASME SB366
Size : Seamless Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 10″, Welded Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 48″
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : 5s, 10s, 40s, 80s, 10, 20, 40, STD, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Inconel 718 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si Fe S Cr Al Ni
718 min. – – – bal – 17.0 0.2 50.0
max. 0.08 0.35 0.35 bal 0.01 21.0 0.8 55.0

Inconel 718 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Element Density Melting Point Tensile Strength Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Elongation
718 8.14 g/cm3 1400 °C (2550 °F) Psi – 80,000 , MPa – 550 Psi – 32,000 , MPa – 220 30 %

Equivalent Grades for 718 Inconel Pipe Fitting

Grade UNS No Old British Euronorm GOST Japanese JIS
BS En No AFNOR
Inconel 718 N07718 – – 2.4668 – – –

Inconel Alloy 718 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Inconel 718 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2024-02-06T17:35:21+05:30August 4th, 2021|Buttweld Fittings|

Incoloy 800 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Sachiya Steel International is one of the manufacturer and exporter of Incoloy 800 Buttweld Fittings, which are manufactured by using optimum quality metals and alloys. Incoloy 800 90Degree Elbow Pipe Fittings (UNS N08800) was the first of these alloys and it was slightly modified into Incoloy 800H. On the other hand, Incoloy 800H 45Degree Elbow Pipe Fittings (UNS N08810) is in fact an iron-nickel-chromium alloy having the same basic composition as Incoloy 800, with significantly higher creep rupture strength. Applications of Incoloy 800HT Long Radius Elbow (UNS N08811) have extended from petrochemical processing reformer tubing, to bellows and flare tips in refinery service.

Incoloy 800 Short Radius Elbow Pipe Fittings has further modifications to the combined titanium and aluminum levels to ensure optimum high temperature properties. Incoloy 800H Concentric Reducer Pipe Fittings is an iron – nickel – chromium alloy with moderate strength and good resistance to oxidation and carburization at elevated temperatures. Incoloy 800HT Eccentric Reducer monitors and maintains the ultimate chemical properties for high – temperature strength and resistance to oxidation, carburization and other types of high – temperature corrosion.

Incoloy 800 Buttweld Fittings

Incoloy 800 Pipe End Cap is a combination of nickel and chromium alloy that has excellent tensile strength and resistance to oxidation as well as carburization properties. Meanwhile, these Incoloy 800H Unequal Pipe Fittings are also being offered in different sizes and shapes to our customers.

Incoloy 800 / 800H /800HT Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASME SB366
Size : Seamless Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 10″, Welded Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 48″
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : 5s, 10s, 40s, 80s, 10, 20, 40, STD, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Incoloy 800 / 800H / 800HT Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si S Cu Fe Ni Cr Al Ti
800 0.10 max 1.50 max 1.00 max 0.015 max 0.75 max 39.50 min 30.00 – 35.00 19.00 – 23.00 0.15 – 0.60 0.15 – 0.60
800H 0.05 – 0.10 1.50 max 1.00 max 0.015 max 0.75 max 39.50 min 30.00 – 35.00 19.00 – 23.00 0.15 – 0.60 0.15 – 0.60
800HT 0.06 – 0.10 1.50 max 1.00 max 0.015 max 0.75 max 39.50 min 30.00 – 35.00 19.00 – 23.00 0.15 – 0.60ᴬ 0.15 – 0.60ᴬ

Incoloy 800 / 800H / 800HT Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Element Density Melting Point Tensile Strength Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Elongation
800 / 800H / 800HT 7.94 g/cm3 1385 °C (2525 °F) Psi – 75,000 , MPa – 520 Psi – 30,000 , MPa – 205 30 %

Equivalent Grades for 800 / 800H / 800HT Incoloy Pipe Fitting

STANDARD WERKSTOFF NR. UNS JIS BS GOST AFNOR EN OR
Incoloy 800 1.4876 N08800 NCF 800 NA 15 ЭИ670 Z8NC32-21 X10NiCrAlTi32-20 XH32T
Incoloy 800H 1.4958 / 1.4876 N08810 NCF 800H NA 15(H) ЭИ670 Z8NC33-21 X5NiCrAlTi31-20 XH32T
Incoloy 800HT 1.4859 / 1.4876 N08811 NCF 800HT NA 15(HT) ЭИ670 – X8NiCrAlTi32-21 XH32T

Incoloy Alloy 800 / 800H / 800HT Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Incoloy 800 / 800H / 800HT Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

 

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2024-02-06T18:02:17+05:30August 4th, 2021|Buttweld Fittings|

Inconel 625 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Inconel 625 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Sachiya Steel International is one of the leading manufacturer and exporter of Inconel 625 Buttweld Fittings, which are made at our wide manufacturing unit. Inconel 625 Elbow Butt Weld Pipe Fittings (UNS N06625) is a non – magnetic, corrosion and oxidation – resistant, nickel – based alloy. Inconel 625 Long Radius Elbow Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is a super – alloy that possesses high strength properties and resistance to elevated temperatures. Inconel 625 Short Radius Elbow Butt Weld Pipe Fittings are used in chemical processing, aerospace and marine engineering.

Inconel 625 Concentric Reducer Butt Weld Pipe Fittings has good high temperature strength and also has excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of corrosive media. The outstanding strength and toughness of Inconel 625 Eccentric Reducer is due to the addition of niobium which acts with the molybdenum to stiffen the alloy’s matrix. These Inconel 625 Unequal Tee Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is developed with the purpose of creating a material that could be used for steam – line piping.

Inconel 625 Buttweld Fittings

This combination of elements in Inconel 625 Lateral Tee Butt Weld Pipe Fittings also is responsible for superior resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments of unusual severity as well as to high – temperature effects such as oxidation and carburization. Meanwhile, these Inconel 625 Equal Tee are also being offered in different sizes and shapes to our customers.

Inconel 625 Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASME SB366
Size : Seamless Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 10″, Welded Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 48″
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : 5s, 10s, 40s, 80s, 10, 20, 40, STD, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Inconel 625 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si S Cu Fe Ni Cr
Inconel 625
 0.10max 0.50 max 0.50 max 0.015max – 5.0 max 58.0 min 20.0 – 23.0

Inconel 625 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Element Density Melting Point Tensile Strength Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Elongation
Inconel 625
 8.4 g/cm3 1350 °C (2460 °F) Psi – 1,35,000 , MPa – 930 Psi – 75,000 , MPa – 517 42.5 %

Equivalent Grades for 625 Inconel Pipe Fitting

STANDARD WERKSTOFF NR. UNS JIS BS GOST AFNOR EN
Inconel 625
 2.4856 N06625 NCF 625 NA 21 ХН75МБТЮ NC22DNB4M NiCr22Mo9Nb

Inconel Alloy 625 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Inconel 625 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2024-02-06T18:05:58+05:30August 3rd, 2021|Buttweld Fittings|

Inconel 601 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Inconel 601 Buttweld Fittings Manufacturers In India

Sachiya Steel International Is One Of The Leading Manufacturer And Exporter of Inconel 601 Buttweld Fittings, which is manufactured at par with the international quality standards by making use of high-grade metals and alloys. The outstanding characteristic of these Inconel UNS N06601 Elbow is its resistance to high-temperature oxidation. Our Inconel 601 Long Radius Elbow Butt Weld Pipe Fittings retains its ductility after long service exposure and are quite popular known as an engineering material. These Inconel 601 Short Radius Elbow Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is construction alloy for heat treat furnace fixtures and components such as annealing tubes, muffles, and flame shields.

Our Inconel 601 Concentric Butt Weld Pipe Fittings are used in petrochemical and other process equipment. High – speed operations such as grinding, milling or turning, are performed in these Inconel 601 Eccentric Reducer using water-based coolants. Our Inconel 601 Cross Butt Weld Pipe Fittings retains good strength at elevated temperatures and also has high mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.

Inconel 601 Buttweld Fittings

The composition of these Inconel 601 Unequal Teel Butt Weld Pipe Fittings is a face – centered – cubic solid solution with a high degree of metallurgical stability. Our Inconel 601 Lateral Teel Butt Weld Pipe Fittings has good high temperature strength, and retains its ductility after long service exposure. Meanwhile, these Inconel 601 Equal Tee Butt Weld Pipe Fittings are also being offered in different sizes and shapes to our customers.

Inconel 601 Pipe Fittings Specifications
Specifications : ASTM B366 / ASME SB366
Size : Seamless Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 10″, Welded Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2″ – 48″
Standards
 : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43
Thickness : 5s, 10s, 40s, 80s, 10, 20, 40, STD, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75
Type : Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Inconel 601 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

Grade C Mn Si S Cu Fe Ni Cr
Inconel 601
 0.15 max 1.00 max 0.50 max 0.015max 1.0 max balance 58.0-63.0 21.0-25.0

Inconel 601 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties

Element Density Melting Point Tensile Strength Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Elongation
Inconel 601
 8.1 g/cm3 1411 °C (2571 °F) Psi – 80,000 , MPa – 550 Psi – 30,000 , MPa – 205 30 %

Equivalent Grades for 601 Inconel Pipe Fitting

STANDARD WERKSTOFF NR. UNS JIS BS GOST AFNOR EN
Inconel 601
  2.4851 N06601 NCF 601 NA 49 XH60BT NC23FeA NiCr23Fe

Inconel Alloy 601 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Application Industries

  • Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  • Power Generation
  • Petrochemicals
  • Gas Processing
  • Specialty Chemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmaceutical Equipment
  • Chemical Equipment
  • Sea Water Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condensers
  • Pulp and Paper Industry

Inconel 601 Buttweld Fitting Test Certificates

We at Sachiya Steel International provide Manufacturer TC (Test Certificate) in accordance to EN 10204/3.1B, Raw Materials Certificate, 100% Radiography Test Report, Third Party Inspection Report. We also provide Standard certificates like EN 10204 3.1 and additional requirement like. NACE MR 01075. FERRIT CONTENT as per norms if requested by clients.

• EN 10204/3.1B,
• Raw Materials Certificate
• 100% Radiography Test Report
• Third Party Inspection Report, etc.

Material Testing

We at Sachiya Steel International ensure that all our materials go through strict quality tests before dispatching them to our clients.

• Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
• Hardness Test
• Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
• Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
• Flattening Test
• Micro and Macro Test
• Pitting Resistance Test
• Flaring Test
• Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test

Documentation

• Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
• Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
• Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
• Fumigation Certificates
• Raw Material Test Reports
• Material Traceability Records
• Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
• Heat Treatment Charts
• Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
• Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
• Guarantee Letter
• NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
• Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
• Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

By |2024-02-06T18:51:58+05:30August 3rd, 2021|Buttweld Fittings|
LOGO 1200 X 300

D-2, Office No 3, Bharat Nagar CHS, Near Shalimar Cinema,
Grant Road ( East ) , Mumbai- 40007, Maharashtra, India.

[email protected]
[email protected]

OUR PRODUCTS

ACCREDITATION

certified stamp

© Copyright - 2024 | Sachiya Steel International | All Rights Reserved | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy | Sitemap

Go to Top